diff --git a/src/cs_bcode.cc b/src/cs_bcode.cc
index c111beb..965fc7e 100644
--- a/src/cs_bcode.cc
+++ b/src/cs_bcode.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "cs_bcode.hh"
-
-#include "cs_util.hh"
+#include "cs_state.hh"
 
 namespace cscript {
 
diff --git a/src/cs_error.cc b/src/cs_error.cc
index 71788de..3aec79b 100644
--- a/src/cs_error.cc
+++ b/src/cs_error.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_vm.hh"
 
 namespace cscript {
diff --git a/src/cs_gen.cc b/src/cs_gen.cc
index 4ac0e04..0926010 100644
--- a/src/cs_gen.cc
+++ b/src/cs_gen.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 #include "cs_vm.hh"
-#include "cs_util.hh"
+#include "cs_std.hh"
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ static inline std::pair<std::string_view, size_t> compileblock(
 );
 
 void cs_gen_state::gen_int(std::string_view word) {
-    gen_int(cs_parse_int(word));
+    gen_int(parse_int(word));
 }
 
 void cs_gen_state::gen_float(std::string_view word) {
-    gen_float(cs_parse_float(word));
+    gen_float(parse_float(word));
 }
 
 void cs_gen_state::gen_value(int wordtype, std::string_view word, int line) {
@@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ noid:
                 switch (rettype) {
                     case CS_VAL_ANY: {
                         std::string_view end = idname.str_term();
-                        cs_int val = cs_parse_int(end, &end);
+                        cs_int val = parse_int(end, &end);
                         if (!end.empty()) {
                             gs.gen_str(idname.str_term());
                         } else {
diff --git a/src/cs_ident.hh b/src/cs_ident.hh
index ad20db4..5f0dc43 100644
--- a/src/cs_ident.hh
+++ b/src/cs_ident.hh
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 
-#include "cs_util.hh"
-
 namespace cscript {
 
 enum {
diff --git a/src/cs_state.cc b/src/cs_state.cc
index e806631..bc94ef5 100644
--- a/src/cs_state.cc
+++ b/src/cs_state.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include <memory>
 
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_bcode.hh"
 #include "cs_state.hh"
 #include "cs_strman.hh"
diff --git a/src/cs_std.cc b/src/cs_std.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca28d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cs_std.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cctype>
+
+#include "cs_std.hh"
+
+namespace cscript {
+
+static inline char const *p_skip_white(char const *beg, char const *end) {
+    while ((beg != end) && isspace(*beg)) {
+        ++beg;
+    }
+    return beg;
+}
+
+static inline void p_set_end(
+    char const *nbeg, char const *nend, std::string_view *end
+) {
+    if (!end) {
+        return;
+    }
+    *end = std::string_view{nbeg, nend};
+}
+/* this function assumes the input is definitely a hex digit */
+static inline cs_int p_hexd_to_int(char c) {
+    if (c >= 97) { /* a-f */
+        return (c - 'a') + 10;
+    } else if (c >= 65) { /* A-F */
+        return (c - 'A') + 10;
+    }
+    /* 0-9 */
+    return c - '0';
+}
+
+static inline bool p_check_neg(char const *&input) {
+    bool neg = (*input == '-');
+    if (neg || (*input == '+')) {
+        ++input;
+    }
+    return neg;
+}
+
+cs_int parse_int(std::string_view input, std::string_view *endstr) {
+    char const *beg = input.begin();
+    char const *end = input.end();
+    char const *orig = beg;
+    beg = p_skip_white(beg, end);
+    if (beg == end) {
+        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
+        return cs_int(0);
+    }
+    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
+    cs_int ret = 0;
+    char const *past = beg;
+    if ((end - beg) >= 2) {
+        std::string_view pfx = std::string_view{beg, 2};
+        if ((pfx == "0x") || (pfx == "0X")) {
+            beg += 2;
+            past = beg;
+            while ((past != end) && std::isxdigit(*past)) {
+                ret = ret * 16 + p_hexd_to_int(*past++);
+            }
+            goto done;
+        } else if ((pfx == "0b") || (pfx == "0B")) {
+            beg += 2;
+            past = beg;
+            while ((past != end) && ((*past == '0') || (*past == '1'))) {
+                ret = ret * 2 + (*past++ - '0');
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+    while ((past != end) && std::isdigit(*past)) {
+        ret = ret * 10 + (*past++ - '0');
+    }
+done:
+    p_set_end((past == beg) ? orig : past, end, endstr);
+    if (neg) {
+        return -ret;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template<bool Hex, char e1 = Hex ? 'p' : 'e', char e2 = Hex ? 'P' : 'E'>
+static inline bool p_read_exp(char const *&beg, char const *end, cs_int &fn) {
+    if (beg == end) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if ((*beg != e1) && (*beg != e2)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (++beg == end) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
+    if ((beg == end) || !std::isdigit(*beg)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    cs_int exp = 0;
+    while ((beg != end) && std::isdigit(*beg)) {
+        exp = exp * 10 + (*beg++ - '0');
+    }
+    if (neg) {
+        exp = -exp;
+    }
+    fn += exp;
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<bool Hex>
+static inline bool parse_gen_float(
+    char const *&beg, char const *end, std::string_view *endstr, cs_float &ret
+) {
+    auto read_digits = [&beg, end](double r, cs_int &n) {
+        while (
+            (beg != end) &&
+            (Hex ? std::isxdigit(*beg) : std::isdigit(*beg))
+        ) {
+            if (Hex) {
+                r = r * 16.0 + double(p_hexd_to_int(*beg));
+            } else {
+                r = r * 10.0 + double(*beg - '0');
+            }
+            ++n;
+            ++beg;
+        }
+        return r;
+    };
+    cs_int wn = 0, fn = 0;
+    double r = read_digits(0.0, wn);
+    if ((beg != end) && (*beg == '.')) {
+        ++beg;
+        r = read_digits(r, fn);
+    }
+    if (!wn && !fn) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    fn = -fn;
+    p_set_end(beg, end, endstr); /* we have a valid number until here */
+    if (p_read_exp<Hex>(beg, end, fn)) {
+        p_set_end(beg, end, endstr);
+    }
+    if (Hex) {
+        ret = cs_float(ldexp(r, fn * 4));
+    } else {
+        ret = cs_float(r * pow(10, fn));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+cs_float parse_float(std::string_view input, std::string_view *endstr) {
+    char const *beg = input.begin();
+    char const *end = input.end();
+    char const *orig = beg;
+    beg = p_skip_white(beg, end);
+    if (beg == end) {
+        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
+        return cs_float(0);
+    }
+    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
+    cs_float ret = cs_float(0);
+    if ((end - beg) >= 2) {
+        std::string_view pfx = std::string_view{beg, 2};
+        if ((pfx == "0x") || (pfx == "0X")) {
+            beg += 2;
+            if (!parse_gen_float<true>(beg, end, endstr, ret)) {
+                p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!parse_gen_float<false>(beg, end, endstr, ret)) {
+        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
+        return ret;
+    }
+done:
+    if (neg) {
+        return -ret;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} /* namespace cscript */
diff --git a/src/cs_std.hh b/src/cs_std.hh
index 63a78f5..d9333da 100644
--- a/src/cs_std.hh
+++ b/src/cs_std.hh
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 #ifndef LIBCUBESCRIPT_STD_HH
 #define LIBCUBESCRIPT_STD_HH
 
+#include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <utility>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <string_view>
 
 #include "cs_state.hh"
 
@@ -117,6 +120,11 @@ struct cs_charbuf: cs_valbuf<char> {
     }
 };
 
+/* literal parsing */
+
+cs_int parse_int(std::string_view input, std::string_view *end = nullptr);
+cs_float parse_float(std::string_view input, std::string_view *end = nullptr);
+
 } /* namespace cscript */
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/cs_util.cc b/src/cs_util.cc
index 30290c7..a5363ff 100644
--- a/src/cs_util.cc
+++ b/src/cs_util.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_vm.hh"
 #include "cs_strman.hh"
 
@@ -10,179 +9,6 @@
 
 namespace cscript {
 
-static inline char const *p_skip_white(char const *beg, char const *end) {
-    while ((beg != end) && isspace(*beg)) {
-        ++beg;
-    }
-    return beg;
-}
-
-static inline void p_set_end(
-    char const *nbeg, char const *nend, std::string_view *end
-) {
-    if (!end) {
-        return;
-    }
-    *end = std::string_view{nbeg, std::size_t(nend - nbeg)};
-}
-
-/* this function assumes the input is definitely a hex digit */
-static inline cs_int p_hexd_to_int(char c) {
-    if (c >= 97) { /* a-f */
-        return (c - 'a') + 10;
-    } else if (c >= 65) { /* A-F */
-        return (c - 'A') + 10;
-    }
-    /* 0-9 */
-    return c - '0';
-}
-
-static inline bool p_check_neg(char const *&input) {
-    bool neg = (*input == '-');
-    if (neg || (*input == '+')) {
-        ++input;
-    }
-    return neg;
-}
-
-cs_int cs_parse_int(std::string_view input, std::string_view *endstr) {
-    char const *beg = input.begin();
-    char const *end = input.end();
-    char const *orig = beg;
-    beg = p_skip_white(beg, end);
-    if (beg == end) {
-        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
-        return cs_int(0);
-    }
-    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
-    cs_int ret = 0;
-    char const *past = beg;
-    if ((end - beg) >= 2) {
-        std::string_view pfx = std::string_view{beg, 2};
-        if ((pfx == "0x") || (pfx == "0X")) {
-            beg += 2;
-            past = beg;
-            while ((past != end) && isxdigit(*past)) {
-                ret = ret * 16 + p_hexd_to_int(*past++);
-            }
-            goto done;
-        } else if ((pfx == "0b") || (pfx == "0B")) {
-            beg += 2;
-            past = beg;
-            while ((past != end) && ((*past == '0') || (*past == '1'))) {
-                ret = ret * 2 + (*past++ - '0');
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-    }
-    while ((past != end) && isdigit(*past)) {
-        ret = ret * 10 + (*past++ - '0');
-    }
-done:
-    p_set_end((past == beg) ? orig : past, end, endstr);
-    if (neg) {
-        return -ret;
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
-template<bool Hex, char e1 = Hex ? 'p' : 'e', char e2 = Hex ? 'P' : 'E'>
-static inline bool p_read_exp(char const *&beg, char const *end, cs_int &fn) {
-    if (beg == end) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if ((*beg != e1) && (*beg != e2)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (++beg == end) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
-    if ((beg == end) || !isdigit(*beg)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    cs_int exp = 0;
-    while ((beg != end) && isdigit(*beg)) {
-        exp = exp * 10 + (*beg++ - '0');
-    }
-    if (neg) {
-        exp = -exp;
-    }
-    fn += exp;
-    return true;
-}
-
-template<bool Hex>
-static inline bool parse_gen_float(
-    char const *&beg, char const *end, std::string_view *endstr, cs_float &ret
-) {
-    auto read_digits = [&beg, end](double r, cs_int &n) {
-        while ((beg != end) && (Hex ? isxdigit(*beg) : isdigit(*beg))) {
-            if (Hex) {
-                r = r * 16.0 + double(p_hexd_to_int(*beg));
-            } else {
-                r = r * 10.0 + double(*beg - '0');
-            }
-            ++n;
-            ++beg;
-        }
-        return r;
-    };
-    cs_int wn = 0, fn = 0;
-    double r = read_digits(0.0, wn);
-    if ((beg != end) && (*beg == '.')) {
-        ++beg;
-        r = read_digits(r, fn);
-    }
-    if (!wn && !fn) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    fn = -fn;
-    p_set_end(beg, end, endstr); /* we have a valid number until here */
-    if (p_read_exp<Hex>(beg, end, fn)) {
-        p_set_end(beg, end, endstr);
-    }
-    if (Hex) {
-        ret = cs_float(ldexp(r, fn * 4));
-    } else {
-        ret = cs_float(r * pow(10, fn));
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-cs_float cs_parse_float(std::string_view input, std::string_view *endstr) {
-    char const *beg = input.begin();
-    char const *end = input.end();
-    char const *orig = beg;
-    beg = p_skip_white(beg, end);
-    if (beg == end) {
-        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
-        return cs_float(0);
-    }
-    bool neg = p_check_neg(beg);
-    cs_float ret = cs_float(0);
-    if ((end - beg) >= 2) {
-        std::string_view pfx = std::string_view{beg, 2};
-        if ((pfx == "0x") || (pfx == "0X")) {
-            beg += 2;
-            if (!parse_gen_float<true>(beg, end, endstr, ret)) {
-                p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
-                return ret;
-            }
-            goto done;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!parse_gen_float<false>(beg, end, endstr, ret)) {
-        p_set_end(orig, end, endstr);
-        return ret;
-    }
-done:
-    if (neg) {
-        return -ret;
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
 /* strref */
 
 cs_strref::cs_strref(cs_shared_state *cs, std::string_view str):
diff --git a/src/cs_util.hh b/src/cs_util.hh
deleted file mode 100644
index 5d0b72f..0000000
--- a/src/cs_util.hh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef LIBCUBESCRIPT_CS_UTIL_HH
-#define LIBCUBESCRIPT_CS_UTIL_HH
-
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "cs_bcode.hh"
-#include "cs_state.hh"
-
-namespace cscript {
-
-cs_int cs_parse_int(
-    std::string_view input, std::string_view *end = nullptr
-);
-
-cs_float cs_parse_float(
-    std::string_view input, std::string_view *end = nullptr
-);
-
-} /* namespace cscript */
-
-#endif /* LIBCUBESCRIPT_CS_UTIL_HH */
diff --git a/src/cs_val.cc b/src/cs_val.cc
index 7b85e2a..553bac0 100644
--- a/src/cs_val.cc
+++ b/src/cs_val.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 #include "cs_vm.hh"
-#include "cs_util.hh"
+#include "cs_std.hh"
 
 #include <cmath>
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ cs_float cs_value::force_float() {
             rf = csv_get<cs_int>(p_stor);
             break;
         case cs_value_type::STRING:
-            rf = cs_parse_float(
+            rf = parse_float(
                 *reinterpret_cast<cs_strref const *>(&p_stor)
             );
             break;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ cs_int cs_value::force_int() {
             ri = csv_get<cs_float>(p_stor);
             break;
         case cs_value_type::STRING:
-            ri = cs_parse_int(
+            ri = parse_int(
                 *reinterpret_cast<cs_strref const *>(&p_stor)
             );
             break;
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ cs_int cs_value::get_int() const {
         case cs_value_type::INT:
             return csv_get<cs_int>(p_stor);
         case cs_value_type::STRING:
-            return cs_parse_int(
+            return parse_int(
                 *reinterpret_cast<cs_strref const *>(&p_stor)
             );
         default:
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ cs_float cs_value::get_float() const {
         case cs_value_type::INT:
             return cs_float(csv_get<cs_int>(p_stor));
         case cs_value_type::STRING:
-            return cs_parse_float(
+            return parse_float(
                 *reinterpret_cast<cs_strref const *>(&p_stor)
             );
         default:
@@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ static inline bool cs_get_bool(std::string_view s) {
         return false;
     }
     std::string_view end = s;
-    cs_int ival = cs_parse_int(end, &end);
+    cs_int ival = parse_int(end, &end);
     if (end.empty()) {
         return !!ival;
     }
     end = s;
-    cs_float fval = cs_parse_float(end, &end);
+    cs_float fval = parse_float(end, &end);
     if (end.empty()) {
         return !!fval;
     }
diff --git a/src/cs_vm.cc b/src/cs_vm.cc
index 6852c55..0b76545 100644
--- a/src/cs_vm.cc
+++ b/src/cs_vm.cc
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 #include "cs_vm.hh"
-#include "cs_util.hh"
+#include "cs_std.hh"
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <limits>
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ static uint32_t *runcode(cs_state &cs, uint32_t *code, cs_value &result) {
                         );
                         continue;
                     case ID_SVAR:
-                        arg.set_int(cs_parse_int(
+                        arg.set_int(parse_int(
                             static_cast<cs_svar *>(id)->get_value()
                         ));
                         continue;
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ static uint32_t *runcode(cs_state &cs, uint32_t *code, cs_value &result) {
                         );
                         continue;
                     case ID_SVAR:
-                        arg.set_float(cs_parse_float(
+                        arg.set_float(parse_float(
                             static_cast<cs_svar *>(id)->get_value()
                         ));
                         continue;
@@ -1022,12 +1022,12 @@ static uint32_t *runcode(cs_state &cs, uint32_t *code, cs_value &result) {
                 )->get_value());
                 continue;
             case CS_CODE_SVAR | CS_RET_INT:
-                args[numargs++].set_int(cs_parse_int(static_cast<cs_svar *>(
+                args[numargs++].set_int(parse_int(static_cast<cs_svar *>(
                     cs.p_state->identmap[op >> 8]
                 )->get_value()));
                 continue;
             case CS_CODE_SVAR | CS_RET_FLOAT:
-                args[numargs++].set_float(cs_parse_float(static_cast<cs_svar *>(
+                args[numargs++].set_float(parse_float(static_cast<cs_svar *>(
                     cs.p_state->identmap[op >> 8]
                 )->get_value()));
                 continue;
diff --git a/src/cs_vm.hh b/src/cs_vm.hh
index f8cf6b3..94e7495 100644
--- a/src/cs_vm.hh
+++ b/src/cs_vm.hh
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 
 #include "cs_std.hh"
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_bcode.hh"
 #include "cs_ident.hh"
 
diff --git a/src/lib_list.cc b/src/lib_list.cc
index 2af6314..cb5c56a 100644
--- a/src/lib_list.cc
+++ b/src/lib_list.cc
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include <iterator>
 
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_std.hh"
 
 namespace cscript {
@@ -249,14 +248,14 @@ void cs_init_lib_list(cs_state &gcs) {
     gcs.new_command("listfind=", "i", [](auto &cs, auto args, auto &res) {
         cs_list_find<cs_int>(
             cs, args, res, [](cs_list_parser const &p, cs_int val) {
-                return cs_parse_int(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
+                return parse_int(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
             }
         );
     });
     gcs.new_command("listfind=f", "f", [](auto &cs, auto args, auto &res) {
         cs_list_find<cs_float>(
             cs, args, res, [](cs_list_parser const &p, cs_float val) {
-                return cs_parse_float(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
+                return parse_float(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
             }
         );
     });
@@ -271,14 +270,14 @@ void cs_init_lib_list(cs_state &gcs) {
     gcs.new_command("listassoc=", "i", [](auto &cs, auto args, auto &res) {
         cs_list_assoc<cs_int>(
             cs, args, res, [](cs_list_parser const &p, cs_int val) {
-                return cs_parse_int(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
+                return parse_int(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
             }
         );
     });
     gcs.new_command("listassoc=f", "f", [](auto &cs, auto args, auto &res) {
         cs_list_assoc<cs_float>(
             cs, args, res, [](cs_list_parser const &p, cs_float val) {
-                return cs_parse_float(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
+                return parse_float(p.get_raw_item()) == val;
             }
         );
     });
diff --git a/src/lib_str.cc b/src/lib_str.cc
index 2ebc5d7..77a9dc4 100644
--- a/src/lib_str.cc
+++ b/src/lib_str.cc
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <cubescript/cubescript.hh>
 
-#include "cs_util.hh"
 #include "cs_std.hh"
 #include "cs_strman.hh"
 
diff --git a/src/meson.build b/src/meson.build
index 6bc8cdd..d6aaefc 100644
--- a/src/meson.build
+++ b/src/meson.build
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ libcubescript_src = [
     'cs_gen.cc',
     'cs_ident.cc',
     'cs_state.cc',
+    'cs_std.cc',
     'cs_strman.cc',
     'cs_util.cc',
     'cs_val.cc',